Чулуун бутлах бизнесийг хэрхэн үнэлэх вэ: Практик гарын авлага

Determining the true worth of a stone crushing business requires moving beyond simple formulas. It demands a deep dive into tangible assets, operational realities, зах зээлийн динамик, and future potential. Whether you're considering acquisition, sale, хөрөнгө оруулалт, or financing, understanding these key valuation drivers is essential for making informed decisions.

Би. Foundational Valuation Approaches

Three primary methodologies form the bedrock of business valuation:

1. Asset-Based Approach: Focuses on the company's net asset value (NAV).
Tangible Assets: This is paramount for crushing businesses.
Газар: Байрлал, хэмжээ, zoning permissions (especially crucial for quarrying), хүртээмжтэй байдал.
Buildings & Дэд тасалбар: Offices, workshops, storage facilities, weighbridges.
Ургамал & Machinery: Detailed inventory and valuation of:
Үндсэн бутлуурууд (Эрүү, Гирсэгч)
Хоёрдогч/Гуравдагч бутлуур (Туганз, Цохилт)
Дэлгэц (Vibrating, бөмбөр)
Дамжуулагч (Radial stackers, feed conveyors)
Хооллох (Vibrating Grizzly, Apron)
Washing Systems (Log washers, элсний эрэг)
Power Units (Generators if applicable)
Vehicles: Loaders (дугуйт ачигч), Экскаваторууд, dump trucks.
Spare Parts Inventory: Significant value can reside here.
Intangible Assets:
Mineral Reserves/Quarry Rights: The lifeblood of the operation. Valuation requires professional geological reports assessing volume and quality of accessible reserves under current permits. Market value per ton is critical.
Зөвшөөрөл & Лицензүүд: Environmental permits (air/water/noise), operating licenses, blasting permits (Хэрэв боломжтой бол). Their transferability and remaining validity are key.
Брэнд нээмэл & Customer Relationships: Established relationships with construction firms or government agencies add value.
Liabilities: Deduct all outstanding debts, loans payable, environmental remediation provisions (бол), equipment leases.

2. Income Approach: Values the business based on its ability to generate future cash flows. Crucial for profitable operations.
Discounted Cash Flow (DCF): Projects future Free Cash Flows (FCF) over a forecast period (жишээ нь e., 5