A flotation machine is a key piece of equipment used in mineral processing to separate valuable minerals from ore by exploiting differences in their surface properties. It works based on the principle of froth flotation, where hydrophobic (water-repellent) particles attach to air bubbles and rise to the surface, forming a froth that can be skimmed off, tout en étant hydrophile (attirant l'eau) les particules restent dans la bouillie.

Composants clés d'une machine de flottaison:
1. Cell/Tank – Holds the slurry (mixture of ore, eau, and reagents).
2. Turbine & Rotor – Agitates the slurry to disperse air and suspend particles.
3. Air Supply System – Introduces air bubbles into the slurry.
4. Froth Launder – Collects and removes the mineral-laden froth.
5. Discharge System – Removes tailings (déchet).

Types de machines de flottaison:
1. Cellules de flottation mécanique
- Use an impeller to mix and aerate the slurry (par ex., Denver, Wemco cells).
- Common in traditional mineral processing plants.

2. Cellules de flottation sur colonne
- Grand, vertical vessels with no mechanical agitation.
- Use spargers for bubble generation; better for fine particle recovery.

3. Cellule Jameson
- High-intensity flotation with a downcomer for rapid bubble-particle contact.

4. Machines de flottation pneumatiques
- Rely on external air injection without mechanical agitation.

Applications:
- Widely used in mining for extracting metals like copper, plomb, zinc, or, and nickel.
- Also used in wastewater treatment, paper recycling, and oil-water separation.

Avantages:
- Séparation efficace des particules fines (<100 µm).
- Adjustable parameters (airflow, dosage du réactif) for optimal recovery.
- Can process low-grade ores economically.

Inconvénients:
- Consommation d'énergie élevée (especially mechanical cells).
- Sensitive to reagent dosage and pH levels.
- Requires skilled operation for optimal performance.

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